Science & Technology Higher Education

Submitted by wmac on 13 June, 2007 - 10:50.

I propose a discussion about "Science/Technology higher education in Nicaragua" which will document/discuss current and ideal state of Higher education in these fields in Nicaragua. Priorities, Needs, ... should be discussed in this topic.

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Saw this today...

Mr. Wizard

Maybe TV is the way to go. Anybody have any connections in the Nica TV industry?

Nica Higher Education

I don’t know what the state of education is Nicaragua now, but when I immigrated to the US in the early eighties and got placed within the “general population” in my local junior high school , they thought I was the second coming of Einstein, mind you I was an average student in Nicaragua. I guess this says more about the state of education in the US than anything else. I have always thought I got a first rate primary education in my parochial school in Nicaragua, and my and my brothers’ performance in US higher education I thought corroborated that fact. Has education deteriorated to such a low level in Nicaragua? I don’t know. I just thought I would share that with you as a new NL member.

Emphasis

Clearly, during the 1980s, education was emphasized. Since that time, however, it has dropped priority. I know, for example, that while there is a percentage of the national budget mandated for education, that didn't happen during the Bolaños administration. (I don't know about under Aleman--I wasn't here then.)

That drop in emphasis alone could make a big difference. It appears that the current administration is, once again, taking education seriously. But, funding it is the other issue.

80's

If someone emigrated from Nicaragua in the early 80's then he/she probably did not receive the bulk of his/her noteworthy education in the early 1980's - but earlier. From his post it may or may not be obvious which administration deserves credit or blame.

As a general rule, students from Latin America do notoriously poorly on the academic assessments used in North America, be it an SAT or graduate level GRE exam. The language barrier, if there is one, does not explain the test score gap.

The idea that there is or ever was a heyday for public education in any Central American country is not a belief founded on a large test samplings, and is not something that can be pinpointed in any survey or statistical analysis.

The wealthy parents of reasonably intelligent students or the parents (willing to borrow money) of really bright students seek out an education elsewhere - as a general rule. There is a reason the best and brightest go to Colombia, Chile, Argentina, or -if possible- the U.S.

This is not to say a first-rate tech-college would not be feasible in Nicaragua. Obviously, it could be. But, there is not at the present much of a solid basis for one, nor is there any legacy to adopt.

I think you have Latinos in

I think you have Latinos in the US and Latin American students mixed up. Latinos in the US are the ones that perform poorly compared to other groups. Latin American students who take the SAT do generally well, there may not be many who get 2400's (new highest score), but they still achieve good enough scores to be competitive.

Tests

I have been working in U.S. higher education for 12 of the last 16 years. When not working directly in higher ed. with students and admissions, I was in Central and South America, in many cases working as a tutor or providing seminars and instruction for students either preparing to take the SAT or GRE (or some comparable test), or for students trying to achieve a higher score on their ESL or TOEFL (or some comparable test). I cannot comment on how well students from any particular school in Latin America do at any particular school in the U.S., but I do not have the two groups of students mixed up - though you are quite right regarding the test scores for Latin students in the U.S.

The Latin American students who are really competitive on these sorts of tests tend to be the students who never used the public school system, and often were educated outside their home country. Countless students coming right out of many expensive private schools in Latin America perform terribly on these sorts of tests; in most cases these are students with impressive transcripts. While their parents have paid a great deal of money for their education (in some cases it is a great deal, even by U.S. standards), and they have papers proving they did well in the process, they cannot deliver test scores which would in any way seem aligned with their education. This is hardly unique to Latin America, but it stands out more here.

Of course, it depends what sort of school is being analyzed, and which test is used. But, in the end if the test being used to compare people is in English, it is highly unlikely very many students from the public school systems in Latin America would be taking the test, since most would lack the language level for the exam. So, what tends to happen is that only the best Latin American students take the SAT, whereas anyone and everyone in the U.S. tends to takes it - which throws off the whole survey sample, if analyzed by country or region.

Generalizations are just that, but it has been my experience that the difference between a bright student from a decent U.S. public school and a bright student from a decent U.S. private school is much less than the difference between a bright student from a Latin American public school and a bright student from a Latin American private school. Even with the grade inflation problem many schools have, private school students in Latin America are often so far ahead of public school students, that it is hard to speak of a student's "age" or "grade", and another category seems appropriate. I am less familiar with the abilities of students who are not near the top of their class, but would say the if you were to simply wander into an average public school in Peru or Ecuador or Honduras or Nicaragua, and administered a standardized test (in Spanish), I seriously doubt you would be all that impressed with the scores. It is possible, but definitely not the norm.

As for test scores, most people never see nor hear of scores from students who did not meet the minimum criteria and/or were not admitted. The test-score averages published in many documents are usually for the students who were accepted to the various programs. While there are countless exceptions and many fine schools in Latin America, it is quite rare indeed for someone to come right out of a Latin American public school, and do quite well on an SAT or ASVAB or whatever test is being used. This has nothing to do with the intelligence of a people, and everything to do with quality and funding of the public school systems.

Sorry for not making clear,

Sorry for not making clear, but I was indeed referring to Latin American students who have been educated in private ("International") schools; where english is the main language of instruction.

Some questions

1- How about lecturers? I have seen that Ave maria's lecturers are at least PhD. What about UNI?

2- I have seen that Fees of Ave Maria are more than $4000/semester. So normal people from Nicaragua should not be able to pay for such a university. How about others like UNI? Studying there is possible for normal people with moderate income?

3- How are the Masters and PhD courses in UNI? (Specially Computer Science) Quality ? Quantity?

4- How much state universities pay to their lecturers? (An estimate) This is an important factor because if it's too low then no one will come to the country and those inside the country will try to go to other countries.

5- Do state universities accept foreign lecturers at all?

I'll appreciate if someone can address above questions.

Mac

Ave

I assume everyone here knows what Ave Maria is (the $$$ legacy of super-Catholic, super-ignorant, Domino-Pizza man Tom M.). It would not matter all that much that they require or guarantee Ph.D. instructors. To Ave Maria the oath of allegiance to the Pope is far more important than a professors list of projects, publications, grants, etc. (If you do not meeet certain criteria, you obviously cannot teach there). It might not matters all that much what Ave pays and what Nica pays. Ave advertises in the U.S. in major newspaper and the Chronicle of Higher Education. Ave seeks out North American and European Catholics with basic knowledge of Spanish, and the salary is an international one. I have not looked at Aves faculty list in a long while but it is hardly the best of the best of Nica. Some of the conversation might be misguided though. The contest of PhDS mights be important in some subjects but that does not mean it automatically is for computer science. This is not to degrades computer science but much like many subjects a dcotorate is not always the measure you want to use.

Masters Course

I would never go to Ave-Maria. If I decide to come there it won't be for money. If I wanted money I would go to US, Canada or UK.

I will look around UNI instead. I prefer to work with normal students who are moderate or poor in income but are strong in knowledge and will remain in Nicaragua and work there.

I do not know about Masters education there. In some countries there are "Master by Research" courses where student works on a research subject for 1.5-2 years and writes a thesis. No coursework is needed. Masters by Coursework is also possible but starting such a course will need more lecturers (to cover needed course subjects).

If such a method is accepted in UNI (as an example), I might come there if they accept to give me 2-3 postgraduate students to supervise.

Ave maria is a church Funded

Ave maria is a church Funded University that evolved into what it is currently.

2- I have seen that Fees of Ave Maria are more than $4000/semester. So normal people from Nicaragua should not be able to pay for such a university. How about others like UNI? Studying there is possible for normal people with moderate income?

THis is beyond teh means 99% of nicaraguans. and those who can afford it are better off going to university of manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta etc, where education is good, and fees for foreign students are teh same as those or Canadians adna re about 500 dollars a course (4 or 5 Credit hours) the last time I checked...

3- How are the Masters and PhD courses in UNI? (Specially Computer Science) Quality ? Quantity?

Again I know that most of the Professros here do not even have a Masters... So forgety about a PHD... Possibly differnt in Ave Maria as many profs. are from the US.

4- How much state universities pay to their lecturers? (An estimate) This is an important factor because if it's too low then no one will come to the country and those inside the country will try to go to other countries.

A Normal University Professor earns about 400 to 600 dollarsa month, as i understand.

Ave $

As of this year I think it is nearly $5k per semester. Ave now caters to the online student too which is idiotic or at least highly wasteful @ $5k a semester. Last I checked they di not offer a degree in computer science, or anything related to it (mostly is is a college for rich Catholic kids to get a business admin major and a theology and int studies and/or Engish minor). They pay their priofs easily 500-1000% what incountry places often pay if their ads are correct in the newspapers. Unless you want a Nicaragua education for life in the U.S. I doubt Ave has much to offer any average Nicaraguan. If you speak decent English why not attend a better U.S. university at less cost?

Not to defend Ave Maria, but

Not to defend Ave Maria, but it DOES offer a distinct advantage over pretty much any other college/university in Nicaragua and that is JOB PLACEMENT. Most top companies and organizations actually RECRUIT there. This doesn't happen at other public/private universities (the only exception might be UAM)

Recruiting

yes they do recruit there. and recruiting is not a commons thing in central america. but when recruiting happens in many places is not the same thing as it is in U.S. in central america there are military academies and other technical schools where new jobs are basically reserved for their graduates. the job will go to someone from that school because only the best families can go there and a good new job would not go to someone not from a best family. i am not for sure how it works in nicaragua but i do know that the guy who founded ave has a close circle of often fanatical catholic business and government people and they seek out ave graduates due primarlie to their professed religious beliefs. it may or may not be great business decision making but it does happen.

Yup, agreed on all. By

Yup, agreed on all. By first-world standards, Computer Science is more of a technical/vocational education in Nicaragua.

Now riddle me this; if the Medical schools can attain at least a basic level of education, why Computer Science? I suspect because there little compsci r&d in Nicaragua, so they view it as just that, a vocation.

It's noble that Fyl would volunteer his time to university activities, but how can you sustain a constant flow of people willing to do this? I suspect you can't.

Not sure you need to

I hate the typical NGO approach of "yes, Nicaragua needs more help" building this cycle of need for external help and an expectation that it will continue to appear.

But, in this case, I think you just need to seed CS programs with teachers that see CS as technology, not "gee, I can use Microsoft Word". Particularly if Open Source software is the focus, students that want to can get involved in development. This should change the status of CS work and those working professionally in CS can become those future teachers as well.

It won't happen overnight but I think in less than 10 years, you could have a program that works. The trick is, however, to find people with the problem solving skills to plug into such programs.

I was talking to Gixia this morning about this and she says there is a "real" school here in Estelí. That is, a primary and secondary school that is about learning, not memorizing. I am going to do a bit of research and, hopefully, have something good to report.

Foreign Staff

It seems a bit of creative advertising could get some "up to date" staff. For example, I taught a Computer Science course at The Evergreen State College which didn't pay squat because it was interesting to me. While I have some graduate work, I don't even have a masters--but I have years of experience.

At University of Costa Rica, the graduate classes in Computer Science are taught in English. I had interest in teaching a class or two there but it was the other side of San Jose from me. Again, not for the money--just a chance to share some external experience.

Would you please tell us

Would you please tell us about your teaching experience there?

- What did you teach?

- How interested were students?

- How is the financial state of the students there? If students have enough money at least for their living and study they will put more time, effort and interest on learning. Otherwise they will try to find some way to earn money and over time the valuable period of university studies is spent by half of the time or less for the study and half another for earning small money to finance the study. The outcome is most of time not very good.

- I lost my father when I was 18. I went to military service and at 21 I went to university (one of the best universities in the country , perhaps 2nd or 3rd). Access to universities in Iran is almost possible for everyone because state universities are free and some of them provide hostels. But my problem was that I needed to work for my costs. I worked at computer centers in university, taught different IT courses and became network administrator there. I became successful in work but the problem is that all my rich friends did their PHD when they became 27 years old, and I am yet doing it and will hopefully finish mine when I am 38.

I worry that this is the most important problem of most of the students in Nicaragua. Is it?

http://www.uni.edu.ni/ -

http://www.uni.edu.ni/ - It's the MIT of Nicaragua. I've made some hardware contributions to them in the past. They seem to have the best CompSci program going in Nicaragua.

Maybe billed as

the best Computer Science program, but the fact is that i did not find anyone, not even professors with good enough background and current knowledge to be Junior programmers!

Ave Maria in San Marcos fair much better in my opinion, but still the graduates lack the Math and Science background to be effective thinkers. ( but at least they do speak good english)

It is too late for Nicaraguan educated University Grads next for the next 20 years and until the basic education (from preschool to Secondary) system improves. This also involves a re-education of Nicaraguan Parents who lack the culture necessary for Strong academic emphasis and discipline. Nicaragua needs people from Outside, there is no other way unfortunately for it to be competitive in Hi Tech.

- Ave Maria seems to be

- Ave Maria seems to be expensive for the public (with more than $4000/semester). Isn't it?

- bachelor graduates of most universities do not have deep knowledge. In undergraduate level sometimes you have just a 3-4 unit course on an entire subject (which someone else might do a PhD on it).

I think Students should be able to continue in Masters and PHD to achieve more deep knowledge.

Math and Science?

Do you think math and science weakness explains the oftens common inability to think like a problem solver? I am not sure problem solving is alls that dependent on good math ands/or science. Once you can calculate basics and grasp cause & effect a lot of problem solving is a way of thinking oftens seeming not dependent on math skills or experiments. A lot of problem solving is more creative than mathematics learned at basic school or university level. After beeing in many Latin countries it is probably obvious there are lots of drawbacks but the biggest to me is probably memorization. People treat it as an end in itself. Countless people are at the top of their class from a school with a good ors even great reputation have grades and great transcript but any decent assessment test puts them well below average. They do well because the test is realy of the ability to memorize stuff for a day or two. The test does not measure other things. I have seen the best in country educated people come from language backgrounds. It might be the methods of teaching in that area are better but it might also be that you cannot pass most translation and comprehension exams which include grammar by only memorizing. Too much is involved. That extra stuff involved might be forcing people to think more than they do in other subjects.

Effects of Good Math and Science Skills

While I do see lots of cases where lack of science skills in themself leaves a knowledge hole, in the big picture I see math and science as a way to develop problem solving skills.

That is, math and science are a good, well-defined way to encourage people to develop and use problem-solving skills. For example, just learning basic algebra teaches you that you need to figure out what you know and what relationships the knowns have to the unknowns.

To take a practical example, I see all too many auto mechanics (in the US as well) that use the "keep replacing parts until it works" approach to fixing a car when, if they looked at all the symptoms of a problem and thought about their relationships they would know exactly what was wrong.

Pit crew

If people in the U.S. replace parts until it works it might be that they have an economic incentive to do such a thing ands not a knowledge gap. Every place is different of course. I have a relatives who works basic auto repairs in Texas and Arizona (your basic Sears or Fires Stone corp place). You need to pass series of exams to get and keep the job. You cant fake that part. While all understand autos, some do so quite well. I know two people who work local stock ands or drag race pit crew and they could never do algebra as they would not understand any of it. Two people are for sure not a test case but I mention it because I am still not sure math is a really good model for problem solving though for sure the weakest part of many Latin school systems is mathematics. Many key concepts of physics chemistry biology architecture etc only require math for the deducted proof, not for the understanding. One problem might be that unlike the U.S. and some other places young people in Latin America do not grow up in rural areas with real land and tools and farms and whatever. And many are not raised by a father who passes on practical knowledge. This starts another question but the facts are there.

education in Central America

Your observations are just like Ivory soap 99.97% dead on... (not sure about the other .03%) There is one great problem with teaching kids to think critically. They also think critically in other classes such as History and Social Studies... This can lead to great problems for current and future political leaders. Look at the US in the 50's we were teaching critical thinking. The great leaders decided they needed to pump up the economy so they had a war... Damn kids had the audacity to question their motives.... WE CANNOT HAVE PEOPLE WHO QUESTION LEADERS--- therefore we will "LEAVE NO CHILD BEHIND" otherwise known as dumb it down so 'stupid' in the back row can keep up...

knowledge is power

Trend in poor countries

Unfortunately in most of the poor third world countries they prefer to spend money on things which will give the output as soon as possible.

Spending money on Technology research will almost immediately result into a product or a service. While spending on pure science normally takes longer. So the importance of Science education and research is not understood enough in these countries.

I agree that spending on technology and engineering is a priority but we need science research and education to be able to understand and localize the technology.

I feel it is the same in Nicaragua.

spending money

Giving money to these countrys is like giving a teenager the car keys and a 5th of whiskey.

knowledge is power

I agree completely. From my

I agree completely. From my experience, after a "Set Theory and Logics" I was able to do better reasoning using logical rules.

Also after a long time out of the university I was feeling that my thinking process has become slow. I started solving calculus problems and my mind started to move faster again.

Agreed, 100%. Sure, that's

Agreed, 100%. Sure, that's the bill. And for Latin America, it is the polar opposite, IMHO. In Brasil, where open source is touted, the code at the univeristy level is quite creative and remarkable. Circa 2000, I saw some DDoS stuff that I haven't seen hit the public net yet.

And that is my experience, that Nicaragua is MS heavy. Is point and click the undoing of the Nicaragua IT scene?

I feel Fyl coming un-glued...

Effective Thinkers

That is the expression I needed so I could talk about this. I continue to be amazed with how much Nicaraguans don't know. With rare exceptions, I just don't see problem solving being taught. I see "memorize these facts" and even parents that feel their kids need to take education seriously but they don't seem to see that what is currently being taught makes "workers" but not "thinkers".

My niece is in third grade. I see her memorizing stuff to pass a test but nothing that actually causes her to think. But, after making "strange popcorn" (that means I might put curry powder on it one time, red pepper another, ... plus usually parmesian cheese and soy sauce) in front of her a couple times, she can now creatively make a batch of popcorn with no help. So, she can problem solve but nothing in school is developing that skill for her.

This "don't think" problem ties into so many other things. For example, trying to show a 50 year old woman that has been cooking in an aluminum pot all her life that you don't need a quarter of an inch of oil in a teflon pan does not compute. Not because she is dumb but because the way she learned to cook never involved problem solving beyond "you need water, rice and salt to cook rice".

That said, there are exceptions. Gixia, the person I work with, is one of them. I don't know what got her thinking when she was in school here but she then went to Earth University in Costa Rica where, clearly, you have to think and think a lot.

So, I guess that is a long-winded way of saying I agree that the problem starts long before college. I don't think you can "fix" everyone at once but maybe what is needed is some alternative primary and secondary schools that build problem solving skills. Getting a few hundred "problem solvers" each year is better than the current "maybe you will get lucky" system.

Parts are familiar looking

Parts of this thread look familiar though now its a new conversaton:

http://www.nicaliving.com/node/6626